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and broadcasting live from the heart of moscow. with us let's take a look at your top headlines. for. two libyan rebels saying it's interpretation of the u.n. resolution to protect civilians. meanwhile the international criminal court also comes under fire officials who say its arrest warrants for the family. of a peaceful resolution to the conflict. he believes his country is being targeted for. people to. greece. funs after athens passes a second vote on its austerity program to avert

a minute default the measures including radical tax increases it paid cuts and privatisations were approved despite violent street protests and riots. and up next r t explores the life of soviet scientists on the suck out of the man who pioneered the soviet hydrogen bomb but was to become the u.s.s.r. as most famous dissident. the end. of. december one thousand nine hundred eighty six in the u.s.s.r. as an apartment in the city of gold key a phone line is urgently installed at a set time the phone rings the voice of the other and speaks this is going to giove please return and continue your patriotic activity. the person these words were

dressed to has spent nearly the past seven years in political exile. he was the man who created the first hydrogen bomb and received a number of the state's top awards but he was also the most widely known soviet dissident constantly hounded by the k.g.b. and oppressed by the party's leadership the man who drew so much attention was under a sucker out of and his life was full of paradoxes. now known as the city of nizhny novgorod colicky was closed to foreigners in the soviet times because it has the number of secret defense facilities with urge you to come to your senses mr subtle as a person living among the soviet people you must surely see clearly what goals the communist party and our people are striving to achieve on behalf of the twenty five

thousand employees of our taganrog machine factory thank you to please come to your senses otherwise you shall lose every moral rights to carry the honorable title of a soviet citizen. a lead into talents of his a retired transit police officer in the mid 1980's easy meat was ordered to tales us out of especially when he was at the station saying. his wife elin and bonnet are off to moscow. every officer had a specific task to carry out at all costs the overall task was to follow succor of and to ensure that no documents or anything else has passed on to him especially at the railway station and we were to ensure that he doesn't get to speak with any strangers written. during such as exile to gorky every facet of his life was closely monitored including his personal correspondence

hundreds of letters of support as arrived from abroad were intercepted by the k.g.b. although the settlers were always supplied with a notification that their mail had been delivered. via dr satcher and it has been so long since we have had any use of your well being we're very concerned about your health and the health of your wife illana been there when most anxious to hear from you and would greatly appreciate a response to this letter many people here in the united states and in canada support and the principles to which you stand there is the cause of the k.g.b. made a list of persons of interest tricks on her of from communicating with certain people k.g.b. were sure that some of these people were acting under orders of western intelligence services to collect information on the solders of the distant movement in the soviet union and the involvement of prominent public figures rewarded with a. satire of how to round the clock surveillance team assigned to him

local k.g.b. staff took pictures of his daily routine. this was so they could present them to western media as proof the human rights activists sacral was alive and well. sahar of can feel he was being closely monitored and he understood he would have to live with it for many years. in the house across the street there was a coup. hey g.b. department who watch satirists every step additional surveillance was installed in the yard nearby there was a special transmitter that muted the signals of western radio stations. most soviet citizens were initially unaware of sacro side density he was the so-called secret academic these are some ranch shots of the sacral staking a train ride to the town not marked on any of the world's maps the nuclear research center artisanal sixteen this is where sutter of worked on his hydrogen bomb in the

late one nine hundred forty s. . i worked very hard as a consultant are tossed to be extreme importance to mankind. balance of nuclear onus between the two correct palace because that is exactly what scared cease that these arms have of. this is the footage from the detonation of the hydrogen bomb developed by under a some sort of the u.s.s.r. had managed to beat the united states in developing the terrifying weapon of mass destruction safronov became an academic early thirty's it's one of the bomb tests resulted in two deaths a soldier on site and a little girl in a nearby village a left a strong impression and sent her off despite the positive outcome of the new hydra bomb. blast. they threw

a small party in the test site to own a saucer of the main hero and he was allowed to open the evening about her so he also proposed the first toast which shocked everyone you know her she says i'd like to drink all bombs exploding on test sites but never over towns and cities when you go down you get awards. and then time some sort of became acquainted with the dissidents historian roy min viet if he was the first soviet author to write a book about the true personality of joseph stalin then you will believe infrastructure of himself that he can as a discovery will find out about the gulags about the system of terror now is the foundation of our further cooperation is to his writing about politics some self and i brought him underground dissident publications known some as dr. intellectual freedom is essential to human society freedom to obtain and distribute information freedom for open minded and fearless debate and freedom of pressure by officialdom

and prejudices such a trinity of freedom of thought is the only guarantee against people being contaminated by masked myths which in the hands of treacherous hypocrites and demagogues. be transformed into bloody dictatorship. in the west the n.s.a. was an instant success selling millions of copies to authorities response was swift to sattar of was banned from working in sixteen and moved to moscow there the academic attended underground meetings and took part in discussions on controversial issues soon sachar of came under the close eye of the k.g.b. before they were back in those years they often resulted to exulting the dissidents abroad birdsong or of was too prominent a figure. he also knew some state secrets though for no one even considered him going abroad as an option. with

a well known soviet dissident he first heard sacco's name in the one nine hundred seventy s. while listening to radio broadcasts western radio signals were jammed by the soviet union the dissidents found ways around the static and with that it was possible to get rid of the radio jamming with this navy receiver it was everywhere in the soviet union and with his help we could learn the truth of what was going on in our country and help us find out under a circle of stores his essays and his activities which the. distance used to typewrite suckers essays they covertly posted them on the streets k.g.b. agents were in a permanent lookout for them this battle against the grassroots movement raged for many years who thought. women flyers and wade posted them. in residential areas and back streets and courtyards our flyers who said the truth

and. was saying and exposed the lies. that the soviet press started to publish about him. it was. gradually human rights and fantasy became sacral smain occupation to a large extent this helped him overcome the grief caused by the death of his first wife succumbed to cancer. a few years later set of men. at a distant court trial. lawyer is an outstanding woman with a strong character and she had a serious influence over andrei saw her of as you know he was very open and you can feel that his wife's actions did influence his behavior. in the one nine hundred eighty s. prominent soviet artists said gay baucher of volunteered to paint sacral support

trait however the work remained unfinished he found the relationship in the center of family so intriguing that he wanted to include yelena born and because of her great influence a husband. doesn't talk a doctor sacro i counted seven slaps upon a gave him changes every time she didn't like something and then i started to draw her she was shocked even to draw me to and i said of course i will only draw you because you have a tremendous influence over. the show to my sketch and she tried to rip it out of my hands and i actually had to run with it to save it from. took to heart any attack on his wife the author of the notorious soviet book cia versus u.s.s.r. who took the liberty of making an offensive reference to born a jew response from dr satcher of and in public. that in the summer of

said first to should apologise to my wife in public three refused her of came up to him and slapped him in the face although not too hard for the man left and the desire of belief. he sent a telegram to his relief i slept him. december one thousand nine hundred seventy nine afghanistan. after a special operation to remove the leader of his alarm soviet troops invaded afghanistan the soviet press would later kulis fulfilling international duty several didn't hold back in publicly condemning the action calling it an aggression he would not be forgiven for his remarks. we drove up to the christening rich on her way to work the traffic police cars suddenly got terry away well driver which is surprised that the touting walk to the placement of all the data players in the

re entrance opened and two men climbed. they showed they were already a sin said that they were from eighty or a minister in fact they were from the child she beat her. and the driver turned it they would take him to follow the car there was also from the jail came to the prosecutor's office where prosecutor become closer to make it a draw into the awards for the competent authorities have decided that you should be exiled to this is your question. of. the outskirts of gorky in the newly built area should have been key here andrei sakharov and yelena bonner spent seven years of their lives together and during all that time there every step was monitored by the k.g.b. how many employees were watching several how many cassettes of hidden surveillance were shot and what reports were made it's all still a secret to this day. cultures that so much are given all the huge

visitors share the palace and find that the marquesas quagmire and standoff in libya is there a military solution because. look in libya in a stable democratic and whole libya be pretty. hungry for the full story we've got it first hand the biggest issues get a human voice face to face with the news makers on r t. moscow the physical institute of the academy of sciences the employees of these achieved with the only people allowed to visit sacro in the city of gold keep his colleagues kept in touch with him during the whole seven year exile despite the difficulties such actions could bring them. when andre sucker of was in exile we did our best to preserve his office your rule nobody took his place at the table signed bearing his name was still hung on the door of the study that was attached to the in a side of the door and we separated by the wall at the side where you see. no

official soviet establishment supposed to enforce law has taken responsibility for the fact of my deportation it is only up to a court to establish either someone's innocence or to determine the measure of punishment and a term of imprisonment by case is glaring unlawfulness. meanwhile in all a sucker and bonus potential contacts were under k.g.b. surveillance. when the academic arrived in the city even the manager of the local pharmacy was specially instructed by the k.g.b. on how to behave should sacrifice suddenly show up when you prepared you a state security officer approached me shoot his id card and instructed me as to how i was to serve sucker of a warning i was warned that if he happens to ask for permission to make a phone call i was to tell him the did not well. in one thousand nine hundred

eighty resident and grace made a note of was just thirteen years old one day he learned there was a local man whose name was only mentioned in whispers and ray and his friend decided to go and find out who exactly sattar of ward's. went to the fortune the first thing we saw was a man sitting at a table it turned out to be a policeman wearing civilian clothes. where no idea where injuries to her have lived and his neighbors showed us the way from the elevator. we rushed from the elevator to. there was on the right where proceed to press the bell without hesitation. i woman open the door seconds later we learned it was even a boner in the wall she gave us a look of surprise and we also different rates on her of lived there she told us to come in and we did.

while sucker of was busy in his study and re-examine the whole flat he remembers to this day the living room with the radio sets of used to listen to western broadcasts and the kitchen with a remarkable table which the academic had managed to repair without nails but what he heard from sakher of amaze the boy much more of the summer of told us that one of the basic reasons for his exile was his opposition to the war in afghanistan we knew about this war and were aware that lots of organized were being killed when we were leaving we all stand for a civilian serve gave me and my friend a farewell postcard each. post card i've kept it for thirty years now to return him briefly to andrey. alders that k.g.b. can take it away from us. an old two story mansion in the center of gorky was the only place where andrei

sakharov and yelena bonner could pay friendly calls the family of maria hein of skier elin his relatives lived in the building the high notes the family had a similar story they were also in exile to go to keep by the soviet or thora teas forty years before those events. since the one nine hundred eighty s. k.g.b. officers hovered around the yard peering through the window to monitor several visits there were times when the academics ceased to believe there would ever be an end to his constant harassment. and they even found a place in the where they wanted to be buried there is neither of them hope to get out of this town of exile. the tension was extreme. exile sacro went on hunger strike three times for the first joined by c.n.n.

and on the. local doctors received an order to hospitalize set her off. the incident was put on record by the k.g.b. . today said it is still a local place of interest but the doctors don't like to comment on those events. therefore speed in involved quite rough methods as andreessen proof later recalled they fast and he's arms and legs to the bad place to clip on his nose and pour it in you trish is mixture into his mouth whenever he took a breath. in one thousand nine hundred three sacro managed to leak to the west a new work to be published then in response the soviet leadership started afresh bound to vulcan persecution one of the central u.s.s.r. newspapers published an article composed by four soviet academics who choose to sacrifice of instigating nuclear war against the soviet union mr sattar of if once

you have the right to be called a compound when the working class can no longer call you so the soviet workmen deplore your miserable attempts to tarnish the soviet reality and can damn your outspoken treachery. these abusive letters are actually very diverse but they have a similar structure divided into paragraphs denounces of their contents reveals that it was all staged they picked various ends of the soviet union and told them right sacrifice write this and don't mention this and that. meanwhile support for the exiled academic was growing in the west the square in front of the soviet embassy in washington source so many demonstrations he was named sacral plaza have incurred washington.

new york and decided to follow in the footsteps of washington and renamed the street next to russian. united nations mission where mission is and middle part of a war that was renamed soccer of borno corner. communist party has chosen mikhail gorbachev as his general secretary. in nineteen ninety five gorbachev started his policy of perestroika to bring down the iron curtain soon after saturday of received that famous call from gorbachev he told him his seven year exile was over. when the abnormality of the situation became clear everyone went on to discuss it i said so what let's face the issue. i think we should get suckered back let him come back from exile and get to work because even at that

time glasnost was already underway in the country. a week after gorbachev's phone calls etc for turn to moscow and was met by dozens of journalists sattar of had no idea what was in store for him he abstained from giving any political statements the first place he visited was his after the limited physical institute he went there to attend a scientific seminar but unlike seven years before he was not detained by the k.g.b. on his way there was a verse of the three similar to the seminar as usual or go on tuesday it was a seminar very much like the one that is being held here right now as a seminar started and then came sucker of intended to enter the whole noiselessly in order not to interrupt the seminal not to draw everyone's attention to himself something incredible happened they spotted him and burst into applause was delivered here. soon sector of was elected to the supreme council as

a delegate from the academy of sciences was in june one thousand nine hundred nine sacro found himself at the center of a scandal that flared up in the first days of the session he had condemned the situation concerning the soviet troops in afghanistan. that the war in afghanistan as a crime to prevent the great drawing in itself. it's not clear he should be held responsible for this great wrong by the country i his statements were judged offensive by the offices who had foreseen that war themselves one of satirists main opponents his main just said a gay child of an a peacekeeper a former paratrooper who lost both his legs in the war leader we're going to we're very shocked by the provocative behavior of this famous scientist i.

today surrogate lives in kiev and his head of the ukrainian war veterans group he still believes that sucker of was to go a bull in trusting people who provided him with information including that on the situation in afghanistan. but generally speaking apart from being a great physicist grew the sucker of was a very sincere and naive person he was easily deceived and believed everything he heard was and i had to counter his statements in a harsh manner i think he was simply to see for the people who surrounded in the us and chose a political course of the young surrogates pressed a populist stand point among soviets in relation to the conflict in afghanistan those who supported secularist point of view were an absolute minority of the session but the debates were broadcast live across the country allowing the public

to decide as a result sacral started to receive letters once again just like in the old days this time however the letters had a much different tone to those that previously filled his mailbox during his gawky exile. dear dr soccer oh please accept my deepest apologies for the so-called public humiliation i can't keep silent anymore after watching the session of the congress of people's deputies on t.v. did i realize how desperately we need you. on december fourteenth one thousand nine hundred eighty nine during a session of the congress sattar of gave an interview to kazakh television the questions concerned the future of the senate test site in kazakstan it was a place where nuclear weapons had been designated for decades sachar of demanded that the site be closed because the people who lived in this vicinity are paying

too high a price for those nuclear tests. yeah. that mankind will terminate the critical period of history when we competed in inventing weapons of mass destruction it is a kind of examination and condescend to say that a test of the ability to survive this wish. it was his last interview a few hours later satirise heart failed his friends even told to him the previous day would deeply shocked. they had no warning signs. thousands of people came to bid farewell to the academic sachar of. any final year sachar of was drafting a new constitution for the country. but died before it was finished. many of those who had read sachar of early articles and his political supporters

had lost their chance of meeting him in person. while the high standards of goods and devotion to the cause of the people in south office set still needs to be fully understood. and that there were i'm sure the role is played in the liberation of russia from doctrines. would be justly appreciated good to share with. the thinking of the.